The California legislature passes the Indian Act of 1850, authorizing the arrest of “vagrant” Natives who can be “hired out” to the highest bidder, enabling White people to go before a justice of the peace to obtain Indian children for “indenture.” It is estimated that this act affects more than 20,000 California Indians, including more than 4,000 children who are kidnapped from their parents and held in bondage as servants or farm laborers (Resendez, 2016).